مجلة الجامعة اليمنية : مجلة علمية محكمة - نصف سنوية تصدرها الجامعة اليمنية العدد الحادي عشر

المنهج الإقليمي في النقد الأدبي إلى نهاية القرن السادس الهجري (الخصوصية والمسار)

Abstract

This research aims to study regional criticism in the ancient Arab critical scene, from the beginning of the era of systematic literary composition to the end of the sixth century AH.

Regional criticism has been present in the Arab critical scene since the beginning of systematic literary composition in the third century AH. Muhammad ibn Salam al-Jumahi, author of "Tabaqat Fuhuul al-Shu'ara" (Classes of the Great Poets), represents the first pioneer of this critical trend, laying the foundation for its methodological foundations. His work was later followed by leading critics.

This critical trend has gone through three stages:

- The founding stage; this stage is linked to the efforts of Ibn Salam, who relied on the three influences: time, place, and subject.

- The foundational stage; this stage is linked to the efforts of Abu Mansur al-Tha'alibi, author of "Yatimat al-Dahr fi Mahasin Ahl al-Asr." He singled out two influences: time and place, and the temporal and spatial specificity. These two influences opened the door wide for literary critics to examine the specificity of the approach followed by al-Tha'alibi, who took into account the distinctness of poets in terms of time and place. - The diffusion phase. In this phase, the influence of al-Tha'alibi's approach expanded and spread in literary and critical studies, with new additions imposed by the specificities of time and place across successive literary eras, up to the modern era.

The research reached several conclusions, including:

- Ibn Salam is considered the first pioneer of this critical trend, which emerged simultaneously with systematic authorship among the Arabs. It then went through three stages: (foundation, authentication, and diffusion). Successive additions occurred according to the literary eras, leading to the emergence of the Arab nation-state and the distinctive characteristics it represents.